When we hear about gynaecological cancers, it’s easy to group them all together. But did you know that cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers are completely different in where they start, how they behave, and how they are treated? Understanding these differences can help in early detection.
Where Do These Cancers Begin?
- Cervical cancer starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It’s often caused by a long-lasting infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, where eggs are produced. This one is trickier to catch early because symptoms often don’t show up until the cancer has spread.
- Endometrial cancer develops in the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It’s the most common of the three and usually causes abnormal bleeding.
What Are the Symptoms?
The signs can overlap, but here are some general clues:
- Cervical cancer: Unusual vaginal bleeding (especially after intercourse), pelvic pain, or watery discharge with a foul smell.
- Ovarian cancer: Bloating, feeling full quickly, abdominal pain, or frequent urination.
- Endometrial cancer: Heavy or irregular bleeding after menopause or between periods.
Many of these signs can seem harmless, which is why regular check-ups are so important.
How Lifestyle and Family History Play a Role
Did you know that your lifestyle and family history can increase your risk for these cancers? Women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, for example, may have a higher chance of developing ovarian cancer due to inherited gene mutations like BRCA. Similarly, obesity and hormone-related conditions can increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Smoking is also a risk factor, especially for cervical cancer.
How Are They Diagnosed?
- Cervical cancer: Detected early with a Pap smear or HPV test.
- Ovarian cancer: Usually needs imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans and blood markers like CA-125.
- Endometrial cancer: Often diagnosed with a biopsy of the uterine lining.
Common Treatments
Treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer. It could involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or both. Dr. Suvadip Chakrabarti, a cancer surgeon in Kolkata, often uses minimally invasive or robotic-assisted surgery to reduce recovery time and improve outcomes.
Why Understanding the Difference Matters
These cancers require different approaches for treatment and care.
If you or someone you know is dealing with any of these conditions, always consult a specialist. A cancer surgeon in Kolkata can help you recover properly.
